A unique feature of the refuge is the free ranging buffalo. Almost driven to extinction by hunting, 15 buffalo were reintroduced to the refuge in 1907 as part of an attempt to save the species. The herd is currently maintained at 525 animals, with surplus animals being sold at a yearly auction.
The massive size and slow movements of a buffalo bull can be quite deceptive. If visiting the refuge, it would be wise to remember that buffalo are wild animals, and can easily outrun a person. This makes it important to keep your distance.
Another species common to the area is the prairie dog. The refuge maintains a "prairie dog town" on the main road leading west from headquarters.
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